Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 8, Pages 7003-7008Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13859
Keywords
lithium dendrites; propylene carbonate; 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran; lithium battery; coulombic efficiency
Funding
- NSFC [21473011, 51402018]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB932300, 2015CB251100]
- U.S. Department of Energy from the Vehicle Technologies Office, Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- General Program Youth of National Natural Science Foundation of China [51404230]
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Lithium batteries are one of the most advance energy storage devices in the world and have attracted extensive research interests. However, lithium dendrite growth was a safety issue which handicapped the application of pure lithium metal in the negative electrode. In this investigation, two solvents, propylene carbonate (PC) and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2MeTHF), and four Li+ salts, LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiBF4 and LiClO4 were investigated in terms of their effects on the kinetics of lithium dendrite formation in eight electrolyte solutions. The kinetic parameters of charge transfer step (exchange current density, j(0), transfer coefficient, a) of Li+/Li redox system, the mass transfer parameters of Li+ (transfer number of Li+, t(Li+), diffusion coefficient of Li+, DLI+), and the conductivity (kappa) of each electrolyte were studied separately. The results demonstrate that the solvents play a critical role in the measured j(0), t(Li+), DLi+, and kappa of the electrolyte, while the choice of Li+ salts only slightly affect the measured parameters. The understanding of the kinetics will gain insight into the mechanism of lithium dendrite formation and provide guidelines to the future application of lithium metal.
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