Journal
ECOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages 293-306Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12736
Keywords
Alternate states; chaos; climate change; community assembly; community climate; community response diagram; disequilibrium; hysteresis; lag; memory effects
Categories
Funding
- UK Natural Environment Research Council independent research fellowship [NE/M019160/1]
- Norwegian Research Council Klimaforsk grant [250233]
- European Research Council [ERC-2012-StG-310886-HISTFUNC]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1565118] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NERC [NE/M019160/1, NE/L011859/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M019160/1, NE/L011859/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The coupling between community composition and climate change spans a gradient from no lags to strong lags. The no-lag hypothesis is the foundation of many ecophysiological models, correlative species distribution modelling and climate reconstruction approaches. Simple lag hypotheses have become prominent in disequilibrium ecology, proposing that communities track climate change following a fixed function or with a time delay. However, more complex dynamics are possible and may lead to memory effects and alternate unstable states. We develop graphical and analytic methods for assessing these scenarios and show that these dynamics can appear in even simple models. The overall implications are that (1) complex community dynamics may be common and (2) detailed knowledge of past climate change and community states will often be necessary yet sometimes insufficient to make predictions of a community's future state.
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