Journal
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages 19-27Publisher
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/CEG.S109123
Keywords
autoimmune gastritis; pernicious anemia; gastric carcinoid
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Funding
- Department of Veterans Affairs RRD [I01 RX000194]
- Human Studies CORE through CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center by NIH [P30DK41301]
- NIH NIDDK [T32 NIH5T32DK07180]
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At present there is no universally accepted classification for gastritis. The first successful classification (The Sydney System) that is still commonly used by medical professionals was first introduced by Misiewicz et al in Sydney in 1990. In fact, it was the first detailed classification after the discovery of Helicobacter pylori by Warren and Marshall in 1982. In 1994, the Updated Sydney System was proposed during the International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis followed by the publication in The American Journal of Surgical Pathology by Dixon et al. Using the new classification, distinction between atrophic and nonatrophic gastritis was revised, and the visual scale grading was incorporated. According to the Updated Sydney System Classification, atrophic gastritis is categorized into multifocal (H. pylori, environmental factors, specific diet) and corpus-predominant (autoimmune). Since metaplasia is a key histological characteristic in patients with atrophic gastritis, it has been recommended to use the word metaplastic in both variants of atrophic gastritis: autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) and environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis. Although there are many overlaps in the course of the disease and distinction between those two entities may be challenging, the aim of this review article was to describe the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment in patients with AMAG. However, it is important to mention that H. pylori is the most common etiologic factor for the development of gastritis in the world.
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