Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a new polysaccharide from jellyfish

A new polysaccharide (JSP-11) with a molecular weight of 1.25 x 10(6) Da was extracted and purified from jellyfish. Monosaccharide analysis showed that JSP-11 was composed of mannose, galactose and glucuronic acid with a molar ratio of 2.18:1.00:1.94. According to the analysis of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and NMR spectroscopy, JSP-11 was determined to contain a linear backbone which consisted of (1 -> 3,6)-linked beta-D-Manp and (1 -> 6)-linked beta-D-Galp. The branch of (1 ->)-linked alpha-D-GlcpA was attached to the C-3 position of (1 -> 3,6)-linked beta-D-Manp in the backbone. The immunomodulatory assay exhibited that JSP-11 could significantly enhance the viability of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and promote the release of NO, INF-alpha, and IL-beta via activating NF-kappa B, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signal pathways. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.