Numerical investigation of forced convective heat transfer of Fe3O4-water nanofluid in the presence of external magnetic source

In this paper, the forced convective heat transfer of water-Fe3O4 nanofluid in an enclosure with moving and sinusoidal walls is investigated. New numerical method is chosen namely CVFEM. Influences of Reynolds, Hartmann numbers and volume fraction of Fe3O4 on hydrothermal characteristics are presented. Results indicated that temperature gradient is an enhancing function of lid velocity and volume fraction of Fe3O4 but it is a reducing function of Lorentz forces. Besides, heat transfer improvement augments with enhance of Reynolds number but it reduces with augment of Hartmann number. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.