Elasticity, Flexibility, and Ideal Strength of Borophenes

The mechanical properties of 2D boronboropheneare studied by first-principles calculations. The recently synthesized borophene with a 1/6 concentration of hollow hexagons (HH) is shown to have in-plane modulus C up to 210 N m(-1) and bending stiffness as low as D = 0.39 eV. Thus, its Foppl-von Karman number per unit area, defined as C/D, reaches 568 nm(-2), over twofold higher than graphene's value, establishing the borophene as one of the most flexible materials. Yet, the borophene has a specific modulus of 346 m(2) s(-2) and ideal strength of 16 N m(-1), rivaling those (453 m(2) s(-2) and 34 N m(-1)) of graphene. In particular, its structural fluxionality enabled by delocalized multicenter chemical bonding favors structural phase transitions under tension, which result in exceptionally small breaking strains yet highly ductile breaking behavior. These mechanical properties can be further tailored by varying the HH concentration, and the boron sheet without HHs can even be stiffer than graphene against tension. The record high flexibility combined with excellent elasticity in boron sheets can be utilized for designing advanced composites and flexible devices.