Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 2, Pages 220-233Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1276882
Keywords
Circular RNA; stress; circRNA biogenesis; circRNA degradation; environment; circularization; back-splicing; RNA stability
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Funding
- NIGMS [T32GM007814]
- NCI from the NIH [T32CA009110]
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Start up fund
- American Cancer Society Research Scholar Award [RSG-16-062-01-RMC]
- National Institute of Health [R01GM104135]
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Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) were first identified as a viroid and later found to also be an endogenous RNA splicing product in eukaryotes. In recent years, a series of RNA-sequencing analyses from a diverse range of eukaryotes have shed new light on these eukaryotic circRNAs, revealing dynamic expression patterns in various developmental stages and physiological conditions. In this review, we focus on circRNAs implicated in stress response pathways and explore potential mechanisms underlying their regulation. To date, circRNAs have been shown to act as scaffolds in the assembly of protein complexes, sequester proteins from native subcellular localization, activate transcription of parental genes, inhibit RNA-protein interactions, and function as regulators of microRNA activity. Although the mechanism modulating circRNA levels during stress remains unclear, circRNAs are shown to be regulated during biogenesis, degradation, and exportation. As circRNAs do not have 5 and 3 ends, there are no entry points for exoribonucleases to initiate degradation. Such inherent stability makes this class of RNA a strong candidate to maintain homeostasis in the face of environmental challenges.
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