Ocean Wind and Current Retrievals Based on Satellite SAR Measurements in Conjunction with Buoy and HF Radar Data

A total of 168 fully polarimetric synthetic- aperture radar ( SAR) images are selected together with the buoy measurements of ocean surface wind fields and high- frequency radar measurements of ocean surface currents. Our objective is to investigate the effect of the ocean currents on the retrieved SAR ocean surface wind fields. The results show that, compared to SAR wind fields that are retrieved without taking into account the ocean currents, the accuracy of the winds obtained when ocean currents are taken into account is increased by 0.2- 0.3 m/ s; the accuracy of the wind direction is improved by 3- 4 ffi. Based on these results, a semi- empirical formula for the errors in the winds and the ocean currents is derived. Verification is achieved by analysis of 52 SAR images, buoy measurements of the corresponding ocean surface winds, and high- frequency radar measurements of ocean currents. Results of the comparisons between data obtained by the semi- empirical formula and data measured by the high- frequency radar show that the root- mean- square error in the ocean current speed is 12.32 cm/ s and the error in the current direction is 6.32 ffi