Journal
PROTEIN & CELL
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 246-253Publisher
HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0431-5
Keywords
RIG-I; viral RNA; endogenous RNA; immunity; cancer
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31630083, 31372554, 31472298, 31572641, 31272691]
- Stem Cell and Translational Research, the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0101001]
- Zhejiang Major Special Program of Breeding [2016C02055-4]
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It was widely known that retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates innate antiviral immunity by detecting exogenous viral RNAs. However, recent studies showed that RIG-I participates in other various cellular activities by sensing endogenous RNAs under different circumstances. For example, RIG-I facilitates the therapy resistance and expansion of breast cancer cells and promotes T cell-independent B cell activation through interferon signaling activation by recognizing non-coding RNAs and endogenous retroviruses in certain situations. While in hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor through either augmenting STAT1 activation by competitively binding STAT1 against its negative regulator SHP1 or inhibiting AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by directly interacting with Src respectively. These new findings suggest that RIG-I plays more diverse roles in various cellular life activities, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, than previously known. Taken together, the function of RIG-I exceeds far beyond that of a pattern recognition receptor.
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