Journal
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
Volume 113, Issue -, Pages 87-96Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.014
Keywords
Endocytic organelles; pH sensitive nanoprobes; Organelle imaging; pH buffering; Cell signaling; Metabolomics
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01CA192221, R01CA71443, R01CA176284]
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) [RP140140, RP121067, RP110710]
- Welch Foundation [I-1414]
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Endosomes and lysosomes play a critical role in various aspects of cell physiology such as nutrient sensing, receptor recycling, protein/lipid catabolism, and cell death. In drug delivery, endosomal release of therapeutic payloads from nanocarriers is also important in achieving efficient delivery of drugs to reach their intracellular targets. Recently, we invented a library of ultra pH-sensitive (UPS) nanoprobes with exquisite fluorescence response to subtle pH changes. The UPS nanoprobes also displayed strong pH-specific buffer effect over small molecular bases with broad pH responses (e.g., chloroquine and NH4Cl). Tunable pH transitions from 7.4 to 4.0 of UPS nanoprobes cover the entire physiological pH of endocytic organelles (e.g., early and late endosomes) and lysosomes. These unique physico-chemical properties of UPS nanoprobes allowed a 'detection and perturbation' strategy for the investigation of luminal pH in cell signaling and metabolism, which introduces a nanotechnology-enabled paradigm for the biological studies of endosomes and lysosomes. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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