Journal
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 388-398Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2364
Keywords
Place of residence; Walkability; Enriched environment; Brain volumetric measures; Amyloid beta depositions; Apolipoprotein E genotype; Hippocampus; Community dwellers
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Funding
- Australian Research Council Future Fellowship [FT140100085]
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University
- CSIRO Flagship Collaboration Fund
- Science and Industry Endowment Fund (SIEF)
- Edith Cowan University (ECU)
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- Alzheimer's Australia (AA)
- National Ageing Research Institute (NARI)
- Austin Health
- CogState Ltd.
- Hollywood Private Hospital
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centres program (DCRC2)
- McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation
- Operational Infrastructure Support from the Government of Victoria
- Australian Research Council [FT140100085] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Introduction: Walkable neighborhoods offer older adults opportunities for activities that may benefit cognition-related biological mechanisms. These have not previously been examined in this context. Methods: We objectively assessed neighborhood walkability for participants (n = 146) from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study with apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and two 18-month-apart brain volumetric and/or amyloid beta burden assessments. Linear mixed models estimated associations of neighborhood walkability with levels and changes in brain imaging outcomes, the moderating effect of APOE epsilon 4 status, and the extent to which associations were explained by physical activity. Results: Cross-sectionally, neighborhood walkability was predictive of better neuroimaging outcomes except for left hippocampal volume. These associations were to a small extent explained by physical activity. APOE epsilon 4 carriers showed slower worsening of outcomes if living in walkable neighborhoods. Discussion: These findings indicate associations between neighborhood walkability and brain imaging measures (especially in APOE epsilon 4 carriers) minimally attributable to physical activity. (C) 2016 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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