Journal
NEW CARBON MATERIALS
Volume 32, Issue 1, Pages 15-20Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1
Keywords
Graphite; Modified Hummers methods; Graphite oxide; Structure
Categories
Funding
- Statutory RD Project IChPW [11. 14. 024, 11. 15. 024]
- statutory activity subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the Faculty of Chemistry of Wroclaw University'of Technology
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Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis(EA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-borided to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphite layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions.
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