Tyrosine Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Practical Clinical Implications of Pharmacologic Features

The development of multiple vascular endothelial growth factor- and mammalian target of rapamycin-targeted therapies in advanced renal cell carcinoma has resulted in significant clinical benefit. However, the availability of multiple treatment options has led to a more complicated clinical decision-making process. Prognostic factors have been incorporated into the inclusion criteria for pivotal clinical trials and have thus provided some guidance regarding the selection and sequencing of therapy. Even within a given patient risk group and particular line of therapy, questions remain regarding the optimal choice of a targeted agent. The present review provides a practical, clinician-oriented assessment of pharmacologic factors that should be considered when a receptor tyrosine kinase or mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor is used to treat patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although these 2 classes of agents have different mechanisms of action, they are metabolized by similar pathways, resulting in broadly similar pharmacokinetic and drug drug interaction profiles. To further individualize therapy and optimize clinical benefit, an enhanced understanding of the key pharmacologic features that differentiate these agents is important. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.