Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 56, Issue 14, Pages 3892-3896Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612583
Keywords
anti-cancer mechanisms; gold; metal medicines; N-heterocyclic carbene; target identification
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Funding
- Innovation and Technology Fund [ITF-Tier 2 ITS/130/14FP]
- General Research Fund of Research Grants Council [HKU17300614]
- Special Equipment Grant of University Grants Committee [SEG_HKU02]
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Metal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are a promising class of anti-cancer agents displaying potent in vitro and in vivo activities. Taking a multi-faceted approach employing two clickable photoaffinity probes, herein we report the identification of multiple molecular targets for anti-cancer active pincer gold(III) NHC complexes. These complexes display potent and selective cytotoxicity against cultured cancer cells and in vivo anti-tumor activities in mice bearing xenografts of human cervical and lung cancers. Our experiments revealed the specific engagement of the gold(III) complexes with multiple cellular targets, including HSP60, vimentin, nucleophosmin, and YB-1, accompanied by expected downstream mechanisms of action. Additionally, Pt-II and Pd-II analogues can also bind the cellular proteins targeted by the gold(III) complexes, uncovering a distinct pincer cyclometalated metal-NHC scaffold in the design of anti-cancer metal medicines with multiple molecular targets.
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