Economy-wide and manufacturing energy productivity transition paths and club convergence for OECD and non-OECD countries

This work aims at developing a further understanding of the transition dynamics of energy productivity for a sample of 33 countries - including 23 low to middle income non-OECD countries - over the period 1971 to 2008. The focus of this work is on economy-wide and manufacturing energy productivities. We employ two steps of analysis, a preliminary step using simple methods consisting of sigma and gamma convergence and a second step employing a recent clustering algorithm that sorts countries into clubs. That clustering algorithm identified four clubs for economy-wide energy productivity and six clubs for manufacturing energy productivity. The newly industrializing countries and OECD countries were members of the better performing clubs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.