Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 226, Issue -, Pages 55-64Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.129
Keywords
Bioremediation; Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); Estrogenic activity; Proposed pathway; Surfactants
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [NSC102-2621-B-008-001-MY3]
- office of international affairs of National Central University
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4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutane)-phenol (4-tert-OP) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disrupting pollutants. Information about bioremediation of 4-tert-OP remains limited, and no study has been reported on the mechanism of 4-tert-OP degradation by yeasts. The yeast Candida rugopelliculosa RRKY5 was proved to be able to utilize 4-methylphenol, bisphenol A, 4-ethylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-OP, 4-tert-nonylphenol, isooctane, and phenol under aerobic conditions. The optimum conditions for 4-tert-OP degradation were 30 degrees C, pH 5.0, and an initial 4-tert-OP concentration of 30 mg L-1; the maximum biodegradation rate constant was 0.107 d(-1), equivalent to a minimum half-life of 9.6 d. Scanning electron microscopy revealed formation of arthroconidia when cells were grown in the presence of 4-tert-OP, whereas the cells remained in the budding form without 4-tert-OP. Identification of the 4-tert-OP degradation metabolites using liquid chromatography-hybrid mass spectrometry revealed three different mechanisms via both branched alkyl side chain and aromatic ring cleavage pathways. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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