Journal
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
Volume 41, Issue 3, Pages 290-297Publisher
KOREAN SOC GINSENG
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.05.004
Keywords
Panax ginseng; Panax quinquefolius; quantitative microtomography; synchrotron radiation; X-ray phase contrast imaging
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB834301]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11475248, 81430087, U1232205]
- CAS-CSIRO Collaborative Research Project [GJHZ1303]
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Background: The use of X-ray phase-contrast microtomography for the investigation of Chinese medicinal materials is advantageous for its nondestructive, in situ, and three-dimensional quantitative imaging properties. Methods: The X-ray phase-contrast microtomography quantitative imaging method was used to investigate the microstructure of ginseng, and the phase-retrieval method is also employed to process the experimental data. Four different ginseng samples were collected and investigated; these were classified according to their species, production area, and sample growth pattern. Results: The quantitative internal characteristic microstructures of ginseng were extracted successfully. The size and position distributions of the calcium oxalate cluster crystals (COCCs), important secondary metabolites that accumulate in ginseng, are revealed by the three-dimensional quantitative imaging method. The volume and amount of the COCCs in different species of the ginseng are obtained by a quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional microstructures, which shows obvious difference among the four species of ginseng. Conclusion: This study is the first to provide evidence of the distribution characteristics of COCCs to identify four types of ginseng, with regard to species authentication and age identification, by X-ray phase-contrast microtomography quantitative imaging. This method is also expected to reveal important relationships between COCCs and the occurrence of the effective medicinal components of ginseng. (C) 2016 The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.
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