Journal
CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY
Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 101-105Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1276137
Keywords
Angiogenesis; hypoxia; multiple myeloma; oxygenation; photoacoustic imaging
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health Grants [R01 CA186567, U01 NS090579, R01 CA159959]
- National Institutes of Health [U54CA199092]
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation
- International Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Foundation
- Bear Cub Award (Skandalaris Center at Washington University in St. Louis)
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Using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), we evaluated non-invasively oxygenation and vascularization in vivo due to multiple myeloma (MM) progression. Mice injected with MM.1S-GFP were monitored with a fluorescence microscope for tumor progression. In vivo PAM of the cerebral bone marrow quantified the total oxygen saturation (sO(2)). At 28 days after the MM cell injection, the total sO(2) had decreased by half in the developing tumor regions, while in the non-tumor regions it had decreased by 20% compared with the value at one day post MM injection. The blood vessel density was reduced by 35% in the developing tumor regions, while in the non-tumor regions it was reduced by 8% compared with the value at one day post MM injection. Hence, PAM corroborated the development of hypoxia due to MM progression and demonstrated decreased vascularization surrounding the tumor areas.
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