Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 2015, Issue 25, Pages 5485-5499Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500423
Keywords
Synthetic methods; Acylation; Mannich reaction; Hafnium; Lewis acids
Categories
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Global COE Program
- University of Tokyo
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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This microreview summarizes examples of Hf(OTf)(4)-mediated or -catalyzed organic reactions. Hafnium triflate possesses four strongly electron-withdrawing OTf groups, together with an ionic radius of intermediate range (Al < Ti < Hf, Zr < Sc < Ln), and has an oxophilic hard character typical of group IV metals. This Lewis acid shows outstanding performance in catalytic Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions and Mannich-type reactions of imines, hydrazones, and N,O-acetals. Several natural products have also been synthesized by use of Hf(OTf)(4)-mediated or -catalyzed reactions. Moreover, Hf(OTf)(4) has a number of potent features in carbohydrate syntheses. Hf(OTf)(4) possesses many unique characteristics that distinguish it from other Lewis acids. The unique characteristics of Hf(OTf)(4) should make this compound a major candidate for selection as a Lewis acid in the future.
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