Effect of aligned magnetic field on liquid thin film flow of magnetic-nanofluids embedded with graphene nanoparticles

Nowadays graphene is emanating as one of the most encouraging nanomaterial due to its continuous electrical conducting behaviour even at zero carrier concentration. With this initiation, we investigate the flow and heat transfer nature of liquid film flow of magnetic-nanofluids over a stretching surface by considering the aligned magnetic field with non-uniform source/sink and thermal radiation. For this study, we considered the graphene (GP) nanoparticles embedded in water and water-ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures (i.e. 70% water + 30% EG and 50% water + 50% EG). With the assistance of similarity transformations, governed equations are transferred as ordinary differential equations. Numerical results are determined by applying the Runge-Kutta and Newton's methods. Graphs are exhibited and explained for important parameters. The influence of non-dimensional parameters on reduced Nusselt number, flow and heat transfer is discussed with the assistance of graphs. It is found that aligned magnetic field regulates the local Nusselt number. It is also found that rising the volume fraction of nanoparticles effectively boosts the thermal conductivity of water + 50% EG + GP nanofluid when compared with water + GP and water + 30% EG + GP nanofluids. (C) 2016 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B. V.