Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 139, Issue -, Pages 43-49Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.005
Keywords
Hexabromocydododecane; Brominated flame retardants; Native species; Species sensitivity distribution models; Acute safety threshold; Chronic safety threshold
Categories
Funding
- Special Fund for the Public Welfare Industry on Environmental Protection [201309030]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2015CB453101]
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Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant used throughout the world. It has been detected in various environmental media and has been shown toxic to aquatic life. The toxic effects of HBCD to aquatic organisms in Chinese freshwater ecosystems are discussed here. Experiments were conducted with nine types of acute toxicity testing and three types of chronic toxicity testing. After comparing a range of species sensitivity distribution models, the optimal model of Bull III was used to derive the safety thresholds for HBCD. The acute safety threshold and the chronic safety threshold of HBCD for Chinese freshwater organisms were found to be 2.32 mg/L and 0.128 mg/L respectively. Both values were verified by the methods of the Netherlands and the United States. HBCD was found to be less toxic compared to other widely used brominated flame retardants. The present results provide valuable information for revision of the water quality standard of HBCD in China.
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