Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 15, Pages 13457-13470Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01121
Keywords
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; gold nanoparticle; self-assembly; monolayer; battery electrolyte; FDTD
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- Department of Energy
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490, DMR-0654118]
- State of Florida
- Florida State University
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
- United States Government
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Performance of portable technologies from mobile phones to electric vehicles is currently limited by the energy density and lifetime of lithium batteries. Expanding the limits of battery technology requires in situ detection of trace components at electrode electrolyte interphases. Surface-enhance Raman spectros-copy could satisfy this, need if a robust and reproducible substrate were available. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) larger than 20 rim diameter are expected to greatly enhance Raman intensity if they can be assembled into ordered monolayers. A three-phase self-assembly method is presented that successfully results in ordered Au NP monolayers for particle diameters ranging from 13 to 90 nm. The 0 monolayer structure and Raman enhancement factors (EFs) are reported for a model analyte, rhodamine, as well as the best performing polymer electrolyte salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide. Experimental EFs for the most part correlate with predictions based on monolayer geometry and with numerical simulations that identify local electromagnetic field enhancements. The EFs for the best performing Au NP monolayer are between 106 and 108 and give quantitative signal response when analyte, concentration is changed.
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