Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 10, Issue 8, Pages 1720-1732Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601769
Keywords
embedding method; hydrogenolysis; levulinic acid; ruthenium; -valerolactone
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21476211, 21276230, 20936005]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LY14B060003, LY16B060004]
- Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of ST Innovation [2011R50002]
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To achieve a higher activity and reusability of a Ru-based catalyst, Ru nanoparticles were embedded in N-doped mesoporous carbon through a hard-template method. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance (314h(-1) turnover frequency) and recyclability (reusable five times with 3% activity loss) for the hydrogenolysis of levulinic acid to -valerolactone. Compared with the mesoporous carbon without N-doping and conventional activated carbon, the introduction of N-dopant effectively improved the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles, decreased the average size of Ru nanoparticles to as small as 1.32nm, and improved the adsorption of levulinic acid, which contributed to the increase in the activity of the catalyst. Additionally, the embedding method increased the interaction between Ru nanoparticles and carbon support in contrast with the conventional impregnation method, thus preventing the Ru nanoparticles from migration, aggregation, and leaching from the carbon surface and therefore increasing the reusability of the catalyst.
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