Journal
GREENHOUSE GASES-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 680-691Publisher
WILEY PERIODICALS, INC
DOI: 10.1002/ghg.1679
Keywords
geological carbon sequestration; CO2 leakage detection; CO2 concentration; stable carbon isotope; numerical modeling
Funding
- US DOE-SBIR [DE-SC0011282]
- National Scientific Foundation of China (NSFC) [41371052, U1203282]
- Chinese Ministry of Water Resources' special funds for scientific research on public causes [20151059]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0011282] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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This study presents a quantitative method to evaluate CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and stable carbon isotope ratio (delta C-13) as indicators for leakage detection at a geological carbon sequestration site by combining use of field release tests and a numerical modeling approach. A numerical model was developed to simulate CO2 dynamics by considering diffusion, dissolution in soil water, and soil respiration. The numerical model fits the background dynamics of [CO2] (360 to 550 ppm) and delta C-13 (-16% to -6%) well and reproduces fairly the overall trend observed during the CO2 release test. The model was further applied to assess detection probability (DP) of [CO2] and delta C-13 for leakage detection in terms of various factors, such as CO2 leakage rate, background variations, delta C-13 of the CO2 leaked, and the threshold value of signal-to-noise ratio. Modeling results suggest that delta C-13 may have a higher DP than [CO2]. This study also shows that DP of delta C-13 for the IEA Weyburn project is close to 0, implying delta C-13 is inappropriate to be an indicator for CO2 leakage at the site. The quantitative method developed can also be used to design a monitoring plan or strategy in a near-surface environment for geological carbon sequestration. (C) 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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