Assessing environmental impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizer on daily and seasonal Greenhouse Gases effluxes in rice field

According to the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change evaluation report, the average surface temperature of the earth has escalated from 0.69 degrees C (1901) to 1.08 degrees C (2012), which is primarily ascribed to the anthropogenic emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). For the current study, a field experiment with four treatments, including chemical fertilizer, mixed fertilizer (MT), organic fertilizer (OT) and control (CK) was carried out in the Station of Long-term Fertilization Qingpu, Shanghai. The probable impact of fertilization on the average daily and accumulative emissions of GHGs were examined during different growth stages. The results indicated that fertilizer treatments considerably affected emissions of CH4, N2O and CO2. CH4 emitted most in OT, followed by MT, CT and CK, with the emissions of 77.29, 41.64, 30.20 and 17.37 kg ha(-1), respectively. As for N2O emissions, there were no significant variations between CT (1.18 kg ha(-1)) and MT (1.05 kg ha -1), which were both higher than OT (0.66 kg ha(-1)) and CK (0.23 kg ha(-1)). CO2 emissions in CT (34 371 kg ha(-1)) came first, followed by MT (28 929 kg ha(-1)), OT (19 118 kg ha(-1)) and Cl( (11 533 kg ha(-1)), independently. Soil nutrients or fertility (humid acid, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and C: N) may perhaps speed up CH4 emissions, whilst drainage implicated could alleviate its production. Furthermore, applying substantial organic fertilizer at once might accelerate sudden and huge release of N2O. In addition, despite the inconsistencies among different years observed, the trend that organic fertilizer made the biggest amount of contribution to warming potential was alike. Consequently, the utilization of organic fertilizer should be mitigated, by applying some other inorganic fertilizers. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.