Out of the Comfort Zone! Governing the Exnovation of Unsustainable Technologies and Practices

Innovations are important for sustainability transformations, yet often prove insufficient for replacing established unsustainable structures. The promotion of renewable energy, for example, has been insufficient for pushing coal out of the energy market. The prevalent innovation bias should be overcome by complementing innovation politics and research with a stronger occupation with the purposive termination of unsustainable technologies, products and practices. This article therefore introduces the concept of exnovation and discusses the need of, as well as different approaches for, the governance of exnovation processes.