Journal
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 45, Issue 5, Pages 1172-1180Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1774-4
Keywords
Medical implants; Pacemaker; Photovoltaic Light transmittance; Skin; Light exposure; Power; Feasibility
Categories
Funding
- Velux Foundation
- Swiss Heart Foundation
- Bern University Hospital
- Stiftung fur Herzschrittmacher und Elektrophysiologie, Switzerland
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Active electronic implants are powered by primary batteries, which induces the necessity of implant replacement after battery depletion. This causes repeated interventions in a patients' life, which bears the risk of complications and is costly. By using energy harvesting devices to power the implant, device replacements may be avoided and the device size may be reduced dramatically. Recently, several groups presented prototypes of implants powered by subcutaneous solar cells. However, data about the expected real-life power output of subcutaneously implanted solar cells was lacking so far. In this study, we report the first real-life validation data of energy harvesting by subcutaneous solar cells. Portable light measurement devices that feature solar cells (cell area = 3.6 cm(2)) and continuously measure a subcutaneous solar cell's output power were built. The measurement devices were worn by volunteers in their daily routine in summer, autumn and winter. In addition to the measured output power, influences such as season, weather and human activity were analyzed. The obtained mean power over the whole study period was 67 mu W (=19 mu W cm(-2)), which is sufficient to power e.g. a cardiac pacemaker.
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