The role of sex steroid hormones in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Introduction: The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains a mystery to scientists; estrogen/androgen imbalance in aged men has been implicated.Methods: Thirty (30) apparently healthy men and newly diagnosed BPH patients were recruited from the Ghana Police Hospital. Lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) and prostate volume were assessed via the prostate symptom score sheet (IPSS) and abdominopelvic scan, respectively. Laboratory assays for total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and hormones [androstenedione (AED), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstanedioladiol (3-adiol), androstanediol (3-diol), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2)] were performed via ELISA techniques. Non-parametric analyses were employed. p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: AED was significantly higher in controls compared to the BPH patients. AKRIC2 (3-diol/DHT) was significantly higher in the BPH group (p<0.001) whiles AKRIC1 (3-diol/DHT) was significantly lower. Estradiol was significantly higher in BPH (p=0.029). Age correlated negatively with T, while a negative correlation was observed between TIPSS and 3-diol and AKRIC1. Also, prostate volume correlated negatively with fT.tPSA correlated positively with E2 and aromatase activity (E2/T) and negatively with fT. On multiple linear regression, DHT and 3-diol remained independent predictors for TIPSS and fT for tPSA.Conclusion: Estrogens and androstanediols seem to play a role in BPH development.