Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 10, Issue 8, Pages 1846-1856Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700160
Keywords
bifunctional catalysts; bimetallic catalysts; biofuel; hydrodeoxygenation; lignin
Funding
- Sun Grant-U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) [T0013G-A-Task 8]
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Prime U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [AEV-6-52054-01, DE-AC36-08G028308]
- Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory and Department of Biological Systems Engineering at Washington State University
- U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
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The synthesis of high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of waste lignin to advanced biofuels is crucial for enhancing current biorefinery processes. Inexpensive transition metals, including Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn, were severally co-loaded with Ru on HY zeolite to form bimetallic and bifunctional catalysts. These catalysts were subsequently tested for HDO conversion of softwood lignin and several lignin model compounds. Results indicated that the inexpensive earth-abundant metals could modulate the hydrogenolysis activity of Ru and decrease the yield of low-molecular-weight gaseous products. Among these catalysts, Ru-Cu/HY showed the best HDO performance, affording the highest selectivity to hydrocarbon products. The improved catalytic performance of Ru-Cu/HY was probably a result of the following three factors: (1)high total and strong acid sites, (2)good dispersion of metal species and limited segregation, and (3)high adsorption capacity for polar fractions, including hydroxyl groups and ether bonds. Moreover, all bifunctional catalysts proved to be superior over the combination catalysts of Ru/Al2O3 and HY zeolite.
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