Journal
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 912-917Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01038
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [GM109773]
- National Science Foundation [CHE-1609917]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Chemistry [1609917] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The gibberellin (GA) phytohormones are produced not only by plants but also by fungi and bacteria Previous characterization, of a cytochrome p450 (CYP)-rich GA biosynthetic operon found in many symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia led to the elucidation of bacterial GA biosynthesis and implicated GA(9) as the final product. However, GA(9) does not exhibit hormonal/biological activity and presumably requires further transformation to elicit an effect in the legume host plant. Some rhizobia that contain the GA operon also possess an additional CYP (CYP115), and here we show that this acts as a GA 3-oxidase to produce bioactive GA(4) from GA(9). This is the first GA 3-oxidase identified for rhizobia, and provides a more complete scheme for biosynthesis of bioactive GAs in bacteria. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses suggest that rhizobia acquired CYP115 independently of the,core GA operon, adding biosynthetic enzymes among bacteria. further complexity to the horizontal gene transfer of GA
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