Magnetic mixed hemimicelle solid-phase extraction based on mixed hemi-/ad-micelle SDS-coated magnetic nanoparticles Fe2-xAlxO3 (x=0.4) for the fluorimetric determination of carvedilol in biological samples

Mixed hemi-fad-micelle SDS-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe2-xAlxO3(x = 0.4)) were used as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of carvedilol (CVD) based on magnetic mixed hemimicelle solid-phase extraction. The Fe2-xAlxO3 magnetic nanoparticles not only have better stability and resistance to acidity, as well as alkalinity, but also are easy to prepare, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. Several parameters that affected the extraction efficiency were investigated, including the type and volume of desorption solvent, extraction and desorption times, pH of the solution, zeta potential, and amounts of adsorbent and surfactant. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the developed method showed good linearity (R-2 = 0.9998) within the range of 0.02-2.7 ng mL(-1), and the limit of detection was 0.009 ng mL(-1). The spiked recoveries of CVD in urine and plasma samples ranged from 101.50% to 111.00%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a mixed hemi-/ad-micelle solid-phase extraction method based on magnetic separation and nanoparticles has been used as a simple and sensitive method for the monitoring of CVD in biological samples.