Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 317, Issue -, Pages 613-622Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.02.070
Keywords
BDE-47; Oxidative degradation; nZVI; Persulfate; Metal ions
Categories
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB459000]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41225004]
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A nano zerovalent iron activated by persulfate process (nZVI-PS) was applied to degrade 2,2',4,4'-tetrabro modiphenyl ether (BDE-47), which is representative of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) found in electronic waste (e-waste) sites. The influences of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) ions, which are co-present in electronic wastes were evaluated on the degradation process. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching studies indicates that sulfate radicals (SO4-) and hydroxyl radicals (HO.) were both responsible for the degradation of BDE-47 during the treatment. Zn(II) and Ni(II) inhibited BDE-47 degradation, possibly due to their negative reduction potentials leading to surface adsorption on or cornplexation with nZVI. Cu(II), however, enhanced the degradation of BDE-47. Characterization of the nZVI surface reveals that the catalytic activity of Cu(II) could be attributed to the synergistic effect of Cu(0)-Cu (III) and Fe(1I)-Fe(III) redox pairs, which favored the continuous decomposition of PS and thus BDE-47 degradation. Overall, these findings indicate that nZVI can be used as an effective activator of PS for removal of the lower brominated BDEs (e.g., tetra-BDE) and the role of metal ions cannot be neglected, which provides a significant implication for the use of nZVI-PS system in e-waste contaminated site. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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