Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 117, Issue 7, Pages 1042-1051Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517000848
Keywords
Eating rate; Energy intake; Adiposity; Childhood obesity; Mastication; Children
Categories
Funding
- Translational Clinical Research Flagship Program on Developmental Pathways to Metabolic Disease - National Research Foundation [NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008]
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR
- Nestec SA
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) through the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre
- European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), project Early Nutrition [289346]
- Abbott Nutrition
- Nestec
- Danone
- British Heart Foundation [RG/15/17/31749] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_UP_A620_1017, MC_UU_12011/4] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0515-10042] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_UP_A620_1017, MC_UU_12011/4] Funding Source: UKRI
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Faster eating rates are associated with increased energy intake, but little is known about the relationship between children's eating rate, food intake and adiposity. We examined whether children who eat faster consume more energy and whether this is associated with higher weight status and adiposity. We hypothesised that eating rate mediates the relationship between child weight and ad libitum energy intake. Children (n 386) from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort participated in a video-recorded ad libitum lunch at 4.5 years to measure acute energy intake. Videos were coded for three eating-behaviours (bites, chews and swallows) to derive a measure of eating rate (g/min). BMI and anthropometric indices of adiposity were measured. A subset of children underwent MRI scanning (n 153) to measure abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. Children above/below the median eating rate were categorised as slower and faster eaters, and compared across body composition measures. There was a strong positive relationship between eating rate and energy intake (r 0.61, P< 0 . 001) and a positive linear relationship between eating rate and children's BMI status. Faster eaters consumed 75% more energy content than slower eating children (triangle 548 kJ (triangle 131 kcal); 95% CI 107.6, 154.4, P< 0.001), and had higher whole-body (P< 0.05) and subcutaneous abdominal adiposity (triangle 118.3 cc; 95% CI 24.0, 212 . 7, P = 0.014). Mediation analysis showed that eating rate mediates the link between child weight and energy intake during a meal (b 13.59; 95% CI 7.48, 21.83). Children who ate faster had higher energy intake, and this was associated with increased BMI z-score and adiposity.
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