4.5 Article

Structure and Intermolecular Interactions between L-Type Straight Flagellar Filaments

Journal

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 112, Issue 10, Pages 2184-2195

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.038

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Funding

  1. Israel Science Foundation [1372/13]
  2. US-Israel binational Science Foundation [2009271]
  3. Rudin Foundation
  4. Wolfson Foundation
  5. Safra Foundation
  6. Planning and Budgeting Committee of the Israel Council of Higher Education
  7. Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the Hebrew University
  8. Institute for Drug Research at the Hebrew University
  9. National Science Foundation [DMR-CMMI-1068566, NSF-DMR-1609742, NSF-MRSEC-1420382]

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Bacterial mobility is powered by rotation of helical flagellar filaments driven by rotary motors. Flagellin isolated from the Salmonella Typhimurium SJW1660 strain, which differs by a point mutation from the wild-type strain, assembles into straight filaments in which flagellin monomers are arranged in a left-handed helix. Using small-angle x-ray scattering and osmotic stress methods, we investigated the structure of SJW1660 flagellar filaments as well as the intermolecular forces that govern their assembly into dense hexagonal bundles. The scattering data were fitted to models, which took into account the atomic structure of the flagellin subunits. The analysis revealed the exact helical arrangement and the super-helical twist of the flagellin subunits within the filaments. Under osmotic stress, the filaments formed two-dimensional hexagonal bundles. Monte Carlo simulations and continuum theories were used to analyze the scattering data from hexagonal arrays, revealing how the bundle bulk modulus and the deflection length of filaments in the bundles depend on the applied osmotic stress. Scattering data from aligned flagellar bundles confirmed the theoretically predicated structure-factor scattering peak line shape. Quantitative analysis of the measured equation of state of the bundles revealed the contributions of electrostatic, hydration, and elastic interactions to the intermolecular forces associated with bundling of straight semi-flexible flagellar filaments.

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