Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 144, Issue 11, Pages 1959-1965Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.146407
Keywords
Wheat; Spike; Inflorescence; AP2; Domestication; microRNA
Categories
Funding
- Australian National University (ANU) University Research Scholarship
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) OCE PhD Top-up Scholarship
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The advantages of free threshing in wheat led to the selection of the domesticated Q allele, which is now present in almost all modern wheat varieties. Qand the pre-domestication allele, q, encode an AP2 transcription factor, with the domesticated allele conferring a free-threshing character and a subcompact (i.e. partially compact) inflorescence (spike). We demonstrate that mutations in the miR172 binding site of the Q gene are sufficient to increase transcript levels via a reduction in miRNA-dependent degradation, consistent with the conclusion that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the miRNA binding site of Q relative to q was essential in defining the modern Q allele. We describe novel gain-and loss-of-function alleles of Q and use these to define new roles for this gene in spike development. Q is required for the suppression of 'sham ramification', and increased Q expression can lead to the formation of ectopic florets and spikelets (specialized inflorescence branches that bear florets and grains), resulting in a deviation from the canonical spike and spikelet structures of domesticated wheat.
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