Journal
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL
Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 1367-1376Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2243-2
Keywords
Oxidative stress; Infant growth; Human milk composition; Maternal obesity; Breastfeeding
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Funding
- National Institute of Health [NIDDK T32: DK007658-21, NIDDK K24: DK083772, NICHD P01: HD1302]
- Colorado Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI) Child and Maternal Health Award
- Development and Informatics Service Center (DISC) Grant (NIH/NCRR Colorado CTSI) [UL1 RR025780]
- Cincinnati Clinical & Translational Sciences & Training (CCTST): Grant [ULRR026314]
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Objective Obesity in adults is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Whether or not this phenotype is reflected in human milk (HM) composition, or may impact infant growth remains unknown. We investigated whether HM from overweight/obese (OW/Ob) mothers exhibited higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. We also correlated these bioactive components with infant growth patterns. Methods This was an observational cohort of 56 breastfeeding mothers and their infants [33 normal weight (NW) and 23 OW/Ob]. Infants were followed until 6 months of age and HM collected at 2-weeks and 4-months. Results Markers of oxidative stress, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) and 4-hydroxynonenol (HNE), decreased in HM over time (p < 0.001) and did not differ between NW and OW/Ob women. Concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, were all inter-correlated (p < 0.001) but did not differ between NW and OW/Ob women. HM fat, protein, lactose, and total calories did not differ between NW and OW/Ob women. Infant growth patterns did not differ by group. In a model of infant weight-for-length-Z score trajectory, there was a significant interaction between both lactose and 8OHdG with maternal group: HM lactose and 8OHdG concentrations were both positively associated with increases in WLZ trajectory only among infants breastfed by OW/Ob mothers. Conclusions for Practice HM composition was relatively stable between NW and OW/Ob women. In exclusively breastfed infants, HM concentrations of lactose and 8OHdG, a marker of oxidative stress, may contribute to regulation of infant weight gain, especially among infants of OW/Ob women.
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