Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 19, Pages 16280-16287Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03933
Keywords
Na2FePO4F; carbon coating; environmentally friendly cathode; green electrode fabrication; sodium ion batteries
Funding
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovative and Interdisciplinary Team Award
- Changjiang Scholars Program [T2011170]
- Major Project of Educational Commission of Jiangsu Province of China [13KJA430004]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [21576135]
- Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province [XNY-CXTD-001]
- Program for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors, the Youth Fund in Jiangsu Province [BK20150945]
- Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program [2014ZT05N200]
- doctoral candidate international training fund of Nanjing Tech University
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Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising alternatives for large-scale energy storage due largely to the abundance and low cost of sodium. However, the lack of high-performance cathode materials at low cost represents a major obstacle toward broad commercialization of SIB technology. In this work, we report a green route strategy that allows cost-effective fabrication of carbon-coated Na2FePO4F cathode for SIBs. By using vitamin C as a green organic carbon source and environmentally friendly water-based polyacrylic latex as the binder, we have demonstrated that the Na2FePO4F phase in the as-derived Na2FePO4F/C electrode shows a high reversible capacity of 117 mAh g(-1) at a cycling rate of 0.1 C. More attractively, excellent rate capability is achieved while retaining outstanding cycling stability (similar to 85% capacity retention after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a rate of 4 C). Further, in operando X-ray diffraction has been used to probe the evolution of phase structures during the charge-discharge process, confirming the structural robustness of the Na2FePO4F/C cathode (even when charged to 4.5 V). Accordingly, the poor initial Coulombic efficiency of some anode materials may be compensated by extracting more sodium ions from Na2FePO4F/C cathode at higher potentials (up to 4.5 V).
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