Effect of cardioprotective polyherbal formulation on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in experimental animals

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), with annual mortality of 17.5 million people, 31% of all deaths worldwide, is reported to be the World's leading cause of death. More than 75% of CVD deaths occur in low and middle income countries. In India, the prevalence of CVD is 7-13%.The increased risk is due to multiple risk factors with the lifestyle. Herbs are known to have potential benefits against CVD. In this study, we explored the cardioprotective effect of polyherbal formulation on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in male Wistar rats. The Polyherbal formulation was prepared using 6 different plant samples that includes Allium sativum (pulp), Androgaphis paniculata (leaves), Boerhavia diffusa (leaves), Moringa oleifera (bark), Piper betle (leaves), Piper longum (seed). The quantitative analysis of phytochemicals revelead the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrates, triterpenoids and phytosterols in CPHF. 100, 250, 500 mg/kg of body wt of CPHF was administered orally to complete the acute toxicity studies. The activity of liver enzymes in serum sample was analyzed and found to be non-toxic with maximum dosage. The cardio protective study was carried out by administering 250 mg/kg of body wt. of the CPHF in the experimental rats for 30 days. After the study period, serum sample was collected for biochemical analysis like cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. The activity of cardiac marker enzymes like AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, CK, and CK-MB were also analyzed. The level of cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides and cardiac marker enzymes activity in treated groups were found to be decreased as compared with the control group rats. The histopathological observations of heart tissue have also confirmed the cardioprotective role of CPHF.