Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 24, Pages 20833-20842Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04095
Keywords
3D printing; barium titanate nanoparticles; piezoelectric; polyvinylidene fluoride; sensors
Funding
- NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada)
- Canada Research Chair
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Development of a 3D printable material system possessing inherent piezoelectric properties to fabricate integrable sensors in a single-step printing process without poling is of importance to the creation of a wide variety of smart structures. Here, we study the effect of addition of barium titanate nanoparticles in nucleating piezoelectric beta-polymorph in 3D printable polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and fabrication of the layer-by layer and self-supporting piezoelectric structures on a micro- to millimeter scale by solvent evaporation-assisted 3D printing at room temperature. The nanocomposite formulation obtained after a comprehensive investigation of composition and processing techniques possesses a piezoelectric coefficient, d(31), of 18 pC N-1, which is comparable to that of typical poled and stretched commercial PVDF film sensors. A 3D contact sensor that generates up to 4 V upon gentle finger taps demonstrates the efficacy of the fabrication technique. Our one-step 3D printing of piezoelectric nanocomposites can form ready to-use, complex-shaped, flexible, and lightweight piezoelectric devices. When combined with other 3D printable materials, they could serve as stand-alone or embedded sensors in aerospace, biomedicine, and robotic applications.
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