Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 8, Issue 23, Pages 37550-37560Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17197
Keywords
immunotoxin; TGFa-PE38; bacterial cancer therapy; Salmonella
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea grant - Korea government [NRF-2014R1A2A1A10051664]
- Pioneer Research Center Program [2015M3C1A3056410]
- Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [NRF-2014M3A9B5073747]
- Basic Science Research Program [NRF-2014R1A1A2006327, NRF-2014R1A1A2004637]
- basic research grant from KRIBB
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The anticancer strategy underlying the use of immunotoxins is as follows: the cancer-binding domain delivers the toxin to a cancer cell, after which the toxin enters and kills the cell. TGFa-PE38 is an immunotoxin comprising transforming growth factor alpha (TGFa), a natural ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38) lacking N terminal cell-binding domain, a highly potent cytotoxic protein moiety. Tumor cells with high level of EGFR undergo apoptosis upon treatment with TGFa-PE38. However, clinical trials demonstrated that this immunotoxin delivered by an intracerebral infusion technique has only a limited inhibitory effect on intracranial tumors mainly due to inconsistent drug delivery. To circumvent this problem, we turned to tumor-seeking bacterial system. Here, we engineered Salmonella typhimurium to selectively express and release TGFa-PE38. Engineered bacteria were administered to mice implanted with mouse colon or breast tumor cells expressing high level of EGFR. We observed that controlled expression and release of TGFa-PE38 from intra-tumoral Salmonellae by either an engineered phage lysis system or by a bacterial membrane transport signal led to significant inhibition of solid tumor growth. These results demonstrated that delivery by tumor-seeking bacteria would greatly augment efficacy of immunotoxin in cancer therapeutics.
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