Journal
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Volume 161, Issue -, Pages 1-12Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.029
Keywords
VOCs; Ozone precursors; Roadside; Vehicular emissions; Source apportionment
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0203000]
- National Science Foundation of China [41401567, 41503117, 41573138]
- Key Project of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [GJHZ1543]
- Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Vehicular emission (VE) is one of the important anthropogenic sources for ground-level volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in both urban and suburban areas. A first comprehensive campaign was conducted at an urban roadside in Xi'an, China in summer, 2016. A total of 57 VOCs, as known as critical surface ozone (03) precursors, and other trace gases were measured simultaneously during the sampling period. Isopentane, a tracer of gasoline evaporation, was the most abundant VOC in the roadside samples, followed by isobutane and benzene, attributed to the largest composition (similar to 70%) of gasoline-fueled vehicles on the road. The molar ratio of toluene/benzene (T/B) in our study (0.36) is far lower than the range reported in other cities, indicating the stronger contributions from diesel emissions. The results of source apportionment achieved with positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model were highly consistent with the vehicles compositions, strongly evidenced that the precise characterization of the VE sources from those marker species. The degrees of individual compound contributed to 03 production were weighed by ozone formation potential (OFP). Propylene (20%), 1-butene (11%) and iso-pentane(10%) were the top three contributors at the roadside. The information of this study complements the VOCs database regarding to the VE sources in Northwestern China. (C)2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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