Journal
NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY
Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages S25-S36Publisher
SPRINGER LONDON LTD
DOI: 10.1007/s40120-017-0074-8
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta; Blood biomarkers; Plasma; Tau; Ultra-sensitive technology
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Funding
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium through a block Grant from the Arizona Department of Health Services
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The utility of the levels of amyloid beta (A beta) peptide and tau in blood for diagnosis, drug development, and assessment of clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been established. The lack of availability of ultra-sensitive assays is one critical issue that has impeded progress. The levels of A beta species and tau in plasma and serum are much lower than levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, plasma or serum contain high levels of assay-interfering factors, resulting in difficulties in the commonly used singulex or multiplex ELISA platforms. In this review, we focus on two modern immune-complex-based technologies that show promise to advance this field. These innovative technologies are immunomagnetic reduction technology and single molecule array technology. We describe the technologies and discuss the published studies using these technologies. Currently, the potential of utilizing these technologies to advance A beta and tau as blood-based biomarkers for AD requires further validation using already collected large sets of samples, as well as new cohorts and population- based longitudinal studies.
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