Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 7370-7383Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14566
Keywords
alpha-Asarone; autophagy; ER stress; 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol; macrophage apoptosis; Pathology Section
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Macrophage apoptosis is salient in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and is induced by several stimuli including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study examined that a-asarone present in purple perilla abrogated macrophage injury caused by oxysterols via ER stress-and autophagy-mediated mechanisms. Nontoxic a-asarone at 1-20 mu M attenuated 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol-induced activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha in macrophages leading to C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and apoptosis due to sustained ER stress. The a-asarone treatment increased the formation of autophagolysosomes localizing in perinuclear regions of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol-exposed macrophages. Consistently, this compound promoted the induction of the key autophagic proteins of beclin-1, vacuolar protein sorting 34 and p150 responsible for vesicle nucleation, and prompted the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 and the induction of p62, neighbor of BRCA1 and autophagy-related (Atg) 12-Atg5-Atg16L conjugate involved in phagophore expansion and autophagosome formation. Additionally, alpha-asarone increased ER phosphorylation of bcl-2 facilitating beclin-1 entry to autophagic process. Furthermore, the deletion of Atg5 or beclin-1 gene enhanced apoptotic CHOP induction. Collectively, alpha-asarone-stimulated autophagy may be potential multitargeted therapeutic avenues in treating ER stress-associated macrophage apoptosis.
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