Journal
AGING AND DISEASE
Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 486-505Publisher
INT SOC AGING & DISEASE
DOI: 10.14336/AD.2017.0507
Keywords
vascular aging; stroke; dementia; arterial stiffness; endothelial dysfunction
Categories
Funding
- China Scholarship Council [201406320118]
- American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship [15PRE25700416]
- Sigma Xi [G201503151162287]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81301996]
- Ph. D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20130101120017]
- National Institutes of Health grant [NS084148-01A1]
- National Science Foundation of Beijing [7161014]
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As with many age-related diseases including vascular dysfunction, age is considered an independent and crucial risk factor. Complicated alterations of structure and function in the vasculature are linked with aging hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of age-induced vascular pathophysiological changes holds possibilities for developing clinical diagnostic methods and new therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mediators that could be involved in vascular aging, e.g., the renin-angiotensin system and pro-inflammatory factors, metalloproteinases, calpain-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and TGF beta-1 as well as the potential roles of testosterone and estrogen. We then relate all of these to clinical manifestations such as vascular dementia and stroke in addition to reviewing the existing clinical measurements and potential interventions for age-related vascular dysfunction.
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