Journal
BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
Volume 99, Issue 1, Pages 46-53Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2107-5
Keywords
Antibiotics; Fluoroquinolones; Dongjiang River; Beijiang River; Risk Assessment
Categories
Funding
- Knowledge Innovative Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q02-01]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41463011, 41473118]
- National Key Basic Research Programme of China [2013CB956102]
- BaGui Fellowship from Guangxi Province of China
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The occurrence and distribution of five selected fluoroquinolones (FQs) were studied in the Dongjiang River and the Beijiang River, South China. Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin, used as human and veterinary medicines, were detected with detection frequencies of 75%-100% and average concentrations of 9.5-18.8 ng L-1 in the two rivers. Meanwhile, enrofloxacin, which is only used as veterinary medicine, was detected at lower levels (2.9-4.0 ng L-1) than those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin. The spatial distribution of the five FQs exhibited a close relationship with the intensity of local human activity. Certain antibiotics were detected in industrial wastewater and domestic sewage at considerably higher concentrations than those measured in the river water, indicating important sources of antibiotic contamination. Finally, an ecological risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotient showed that ciprofloxacin could pose high risk to Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). The two rivers are important sources of drinking water and should arouse the attention of relevant departments. Effective measures must be taken to strengthen the protection of the two rivers.
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