Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 142, Issue -, Pages 431-440Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.045
Keywords
Neonicotinoid; Fate modelling; Ecological risk assessment; Rice
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Funding
- Portuguese government through the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [UID/AGR/04129/2013, PTDC/AGR-AAM/105459/2008, SFRH/BD/89098/2012, SFRH/BPD/109199/2015]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/109199/2015, PTDC/AGR-AAM/105459/2008] Funding Source: FCT
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The fate of imidacloprid and its potential side-effects on biological communities and ecosystem functioning was studied in experimental rice plots. In addition, the influence of applying a withholding period of zero days (actual practices) and seven days (recommended in EU) on this was evaluated. Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of imidacloprid calculated with the higher-tier model RICEWQ agreed well with concentrations measured in the field. Methodologies generally used in the EU and USA for lower-tier PEC calculation, however, severely underestimated actual field concentrations and hence appear to need further evaluation and eventually amendments. Effects on several biological communities (especially ostracods, dipterans and coleopterans) were noted following imidacloprid application, with greatest effects in the paddy were as applied a withholding period of 7 days. An increase in the density of snails (Physa acuta), however, may have prevented effects on ecosystem functioning through functional redundancy. Implications of study findings for the ecological risk assessment of imidacloprid and potential mitigation measures are discussed.
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