Journal
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
Volume 5, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13270
Keywords
Aerobic capacity; high-fat/high-sucrose diet; oxidative stress; rat model; soleus muscle
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [RT736475, MOP 115076]
- Canada Research Chair Programme
- Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Osteoarthritis Team Grant
- Alberta Innovates Health Solutions
- Alberta Health Services
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Banting and Best Canada Graduate Scholarship
- Killam Foundation
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [RT736475, MOP 115076]
- Canada Research Chair Programme
- Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Osteoarthritis Team Grant
- Alberta Innovates Health Solutions
- Alberta Health Services
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Banting and Best Canada Graduate Scholarship
- Killam Foundation
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The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues are not well understood. The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. Chow-fed controls (n = 21) were killed at 4, 12, and 28 weeks. At sacrifice, animals were weighed, body composition was calculated (DXA), and soleus muscles were harvested and flash-frozen. Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR. Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68(+) cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68(+) cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity. Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences.
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