International multicenter comparative trial of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy versus surgical gastrojejunostomy for the treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction

Background and study aims EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel procedure that potentially offers long-lasting luminal patency without the risk of tumor ingrowth/overgrowth. This study compared the clinical success, technical success, adverse events (AEs), length of hospital stay (LOHS) and symptom recurrence in EUS-GE versus SGJ. Methods This was a multicenter international retrospective comparative study of EUS-GE and SGJ in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) who underwent either EUS-GE or SGJ. EUS-GE was performed using lumen apposing metal stents. Results A total of 93 patients with malignant GOO treated with either EUS-GE (n = 30) or SGJ (n = 63) were identified. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was present in 13 (43%) patients in the EUS-GE group and 7 (11%) patients in the SGJ group (P < 0.001). Although the technical success rate was significantly higher in the SGJ group as compared to the EUS-GE group (100% vs. 87%, P = 0.009), the clinical success rate was not different (90% vs. 87 %, P = 0.18, OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.44-7.07). The rate of AEs was lower in the EUS-GE group, but the difference was not statistically significant (16% vs 25 %, P = 0.3). The mean LOHS was similar in the EUS-GE group compared to SGJ (P = 0.35). The rate of recurrent GOO was not different between the two groups (3% vs. 14%, P = 0.08). Similarly, the mean time to reintervention was similar (88 days vs. 121 days, P = 0.83). Conclusions EUS-GE is associated with equivalent efficacy and safety as compared to surgical GJ. This is the first comparative trial between both techniques and suggests EUS-GE as a non-inferior but less invasive alter to surgery.