Journal
CELL CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 712-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.05.012
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Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 104-2311-B-001-023-MY3]
- CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08]
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology (IPMB), Academia Sinica, for UPLC-HRMS analysis
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Estrogens have been classified as group 1 carcinogens by the World Health Organization and represent a significant concern given that they are found in surface waters worldwide, and long-term exposure to estrogen-contaminated water can disrupt sexual development in animals. To date, the estrogen catabolic enzymes and genes remain unknown. Using a tiered functional genomics approach, we identified three estrogen catabolic gene clusters in Sphingomonas sp. strain KC8. We identified several estrone-derived compounds, including 4-hydroxyestrone, a meta-cleavage product, and pyridinestrone acid. The yeast-based estrogen assay suggested that pyridinestrone acid exhibits negligible estrogenic activity. We characterized 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxyestrone 4,5-dioxygenase, responsible for the 17-dehydrogenation and meta-cleavage of the estrogen A ring, respectively. The characteristic pyridinestrone acid was detected in estrone-spiked samples collected from two waste-water treatment plants and two suburban rivers in Taiwan. The results significantly expand our understanding of microbial degradation of aromatic steroids at molecular level.
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