Horizon instability of extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes to charged perturbations

We investigate the stability of highly charged Reissner-Nordstrom black holes to charged scalar perturbations. We show that the near-horizon region exhibits a transient instability which becomes the Aretakis instability in the extremal limit. The rates we obtain match the enhanced rates for non-axisymmetric perturbations of the near-extremal and extremal Kerr solutions. The agreement is shown to arise from a shared near-horizon symmetry of the two scenarios.